Steering — 1998 Jeep Grand Cherokee ZJ Export Service Manual

Pages 1337–1367 · 31 pages · 6 words repaired

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING

POWER STEERING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS CHARTS

STEERING NOISE

CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSES CORRECTION

OBJECTIONAL HISS OR `WHISTLE

1. Steering intermediate shaft to dash panel seal.

RATTLE OR CLUNK 1. Gear mounting bolts loose. 1. Tighten bolts to specification. 2. Loose or damaged suspension components.

CHIRP OR SQUEAL 1. Loose belt. 1. Adjust or replace.

WHINE OR GROWL 1. Low fluid level. 1. Fill to proper level. 2. Pressure hose in contact with other components.

SUCKING AIR SOUND 1. Loose return line clamp. 1. Replace clamp. 2. O-ring missing or damaged on hose fitting.

SCRUBBING OR KNOCKING

BINDING AND STICKING

DIFFICULT TO TURN WHEEL STICKS OR BINDS

There is some noise in all power steering systems. One of the most common is a hissing sound evident at a standstill parking. Or when the steering wheel is at the end of it's travel. Hiss is a high frequency noise similar to that of a water tap being closed slowly. The noise is present in all valves that have a high velocity fluid passing through an orifice. There is no relationship between this noise and steering performance.

1. Check and repair seal at dash panel. 2. Noisy valve in power steering gear. 2. Replace steering gear.

2. Inspect and repair suspension.

3. Loose or damaged steering linkage. 3. Inspect and repair steering linkage. 4. Internal gear noise. 4. Replace gear. 5. Pressure hose in contact with other components.

5. Reposition hose.

2. Reposition hose.

3. Internal pump noise. 3. Replace pump.

2. Replace o-ring.

3. Low fluid level. 3. Fill to proper level. 4. Air leak between pump and reservoir. 4. Repair as necessary.

1. Wrong tire size. 1. Verify tire size. 2. Wrong gear. 2. Verify gear.

CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION

1. Low fluid level. 1. Fill to proper level. 2. Tire pressure. 2. Adjust tire pressure. 3. Steering component. 3. Inspect and lube. 4. Loose belt. 4. Adjust or replace. 5. Low pump pressure. 5. Pressure test and replace if necessary. 6. Column shaft coupler binding. 6. Replace coupler. 7. Steering gear worn or out of adjustment.

7. Repair or replace gear.

INSUFFICIENT ASST. OR POOR RETURN TO CENTER

HARD TURNING OR MOMENTARY INCREASE IN TURNING EFFORT

STEERING WHEEL DOES NOT WANT TO RETURN TO CENTER POSITION

LOOSE STEERING AND VEHICLE LEAD

EXCESSIVE PLAY IN STEERING WHEEL

1. Worn or loose suspension or steering components.

VEHICLE PULLS OR LEADS TO ONE SIDE

CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION

1. Tire pressure. 1. Adjust tire pressure. 2. Low fluid level. 2. Fill to proper level. 3. Loose belt. 3. Adjust or replace. 4. Lack of lubrication. 4. Inspect and lubricate steering and suspension compnents. 5. Low pump pressure. 5. Pressure test and repair as necessary. 6. Internal gear leak. 6. Pressure and flow test, and repair as necessary.

1. Tire pressure. 1. Adjust tire pressure. 2. Wheel alignment. 2. Align front end. 3. Lack of lubrication. 3. Inspect and lubricate steering and suspension compnents. 4. High friction in steering gear. 4. Test and adjust as necessary.

CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION

1. Repair as necessary.

2. Worn or loose wheel bearings. 2. Repair as necessary. 3. Steering gear mounting. 3. Tighten gear mounting bolts to specification. 4. Gear out of adjustment. 4. Adjust gear to specification. 5. Worn or loose steering coupler. 5. Repair as necessary.

1. Tire Pressure. 1. Adjust tire pressure. 2. Radial tire lead. 2. Rotate tires. 3. Brakes dragging. 3. Repair as necessary. 4. Wheel alignment. 4. Align vehicle. 5. Weak or broken spring. 5. Replace spring. 6. Loose or worn steering or suspension components.

6. Repair as necessary.

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

POWER STEERING PUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING

PUMP FLOW RATE AND PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . 4 PUMP LEAKAGE DIAGNOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 SERVICE PROCEDURES

POWER STEERING PUMP – INITIAL

OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

POWER STEERING PUMP – 5.2L/5.9L . . . . . . . . . 6

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

POWER STEERING PUMP

Hydraulic pressure for the power steering system is provided by a belt driven power steering pump (Fig. 1). The pump shaft has a pressed-on drive pulley that is belt driven by the crankshaft pulley. The power steering pump is a constant flow rate and displacement, vane-type pump. The pump internal parts operate submerged in fluid. The flow control orifice is part of the high pressure line fitting. The pressure relief valve inside the flow control valve limits the pump pressure. The reservoir is attached to the pump body with spring clips. The power steering pump is connected to the steering gear by the pressure and return hoses.

NOTE: Power steering pumps have different pressure rates and are not interchangeable with other pumps.

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING

PUMP FLOW RATE AND PRESSURE

The following procedure is used to test the operation of the power steering system on the vehicle. This test will provide the gallons per minute (GPM) or flow rate of the power steering pump along with the maximum relief pressure. Perform test any time a power steering system problem is present. This test will determine if the power steering pump or power steering gear is not functioning properly. The following pressure and flow test is performed using Power Steering Analyzer Tool kit 6815 (Fig. 2) and Adapter Kit 6893.

POWER STEERING PUMP

INDEX

page page

POWER STEERING PUMP– 4.0L . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY

PUMP PULLEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 PUMP RESERVOIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 SPECIFICATIONS

TORQUE CHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 SPECIAL TOOLS

POWER STEERING PUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

FLOW AND PRESSURE TEST

(1) Check the power steering belt to ensure it is in good condition and adjusted properly.

(2) Connect pressure gauge hose from the Power Steering Analyzer to Tube 6865.

(3) Connect Adapter 6826 to Power Steering Analyzer test valve end.

(4) Disconnect the high pressure hose from the power steering pump.

(5) Connect Tube 6865 to the pump hose fitting. (6) Connect the power steering hose from the steering gear to Adapter 6826.

(7) Open the test valve completely.

(8) Start engine and let idle long enough to circulate power steering fluid through flow/pressure test gauge.

(9) Shut off the engine and check the fluid level, add fluid as necessary. Start engine again and let idle. (10) Gauge should read below 862 kPa (125 psi), if above, inspect the hoses for restrictions and repair as necessary. The initial pressure reading should be in the range of 345-552 kPa (50-80 psi).

(11) Increase the engine speed to 1500 RPM and read the flow meter. The reading should be 2.4 - 2.8 GPM, if the reading is below this specification the pump should be replaced.

CAUTION: This next step involves testing maximum pump pressure output and flow control valve operation. Do not leave valve closed for more than three seconds as the pump could be damaged.

(12) Close valve fully three times for three seconds and record highest pressure indicated each time. All three readings must be above pump relief pressure specifications and within 345 kPa (50 psi) of each other.

• Pressures above specifications but not within 345 kPa (50 psi) of each other, replace pump.

• Pressures within 345 kPa (50 psi) of each other but below specifications, replace pump.

(13) Open the test valve and turn the steering wheel to the extreme left and right positions against the stops. Record the highest pressure reading at each position. Compare readings to the pump specifications chart. If pressures readings are not within 50 psi. of each other, the gear is leaking internally and must be repaired.

CAUTION: Do not force the pump to operate against the stops for more than 2 to 4 seconds at a time because, pump damage will result.

PUMP SPECIFICATIONS

ENGINE RELIEF PRESSURE

FLOW RATE

6 50

(GPM)

4.0L 9653 kPa (1400 psi)

1500 RPM 2.4 - 2.8 GPM 5.2L 9653 kPa (1400 psi)

5.9L 9653 kPa (1400 psi)

PUMP LEAKAGE DIAGNOSIS

SERVICE PROCEDURES

POWER STEERING PUMP – INITIAL OPERATION

WARNING: THE FLUID LEVEL SHOULD BE CHECKED WITH ENGINE OFF TO PREVENT INJURY FROM MOVING COMPONENTS.

CAUTION: Use MOPAR Power Steering Fluid or equivalent. Do not use automatic transmission fluid and do not overfill.

Wipe filler cap clean, then check the fluid level. The dipstick should indicate COLD when the fluid is at normal temperature.

(1) Fill the pump fluid reservoir to the proper level and let the fluid settle for at least two minutes.

(2) Start the engine and let run for a few seconds then turn engine off.

(3) Add fluid if necessary. Repeat the above procedure until the fluid level remains constant after running the engine.

(4) Raise the front wheels off the ground. (5) Slowly turn the steering wheel right and left, lightly contacting the wheel stops at least 20 times.

(6) Check the fluid level add if necessary. (7) Lower the vehicle, start the engine and turn the steering wheel slowly from lock to lock.

(8) Stop the engine and check the fluid level and refill as required.

(9) If the fluid is extremely foamy or milky looking, allow the vehicle to stand a few minutes and repeat the procedure.

CAUTION: Do not run a vehicle with foamy fluid for an extended period. This may cause pump damage.

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

POWER STEERING PUMP– 4.0L

REMOVAL

(1) Remove serpentine drive belt, refer to Group 7 Cooling.

(2) Vehicles equipped with Speed Proportional Steering, disconnect actuator harness.

(3) Remove pressure and return hoses from pump and drain pump.

(4) Remove 3 pump mounting bolts through pulley access holes.

(5) Loosen the 3 pump bracket bolts (Fig. 3). (6) Tilt pump downward and remove from engine. (7) Remove pulley from pump.

INSTALLATION

(1) Install pulley on pump. (2) Install pump on engine. (3) Tighten pump bracket bolts to 47 N·m (35 ft. lbs.).

(4) Install 3 pump mounting bolts and tighten to 27 N·m (20 ft. lbs.).

(5) Install the pressure and return hoses to pump. (6) Vehicles equipped with Speed Pro Steering, connect actuator harness.

(7) Install drive belt, refer to Group 7 Cooling. (8) Add power steering fluid. Refer to Power Steering Pump Initial Operation in this section.

POWER STEERING PUMP – 5.2L/5.9L

REMOVAL

(1) Remove the serpentine drive belt. Refer to Group 7 Cooling.

(2) Remove the pressure and return hoses from pump and drain pump.

(3) Vehicles equipped with Speed Proportional Steering, disconnect actuator harness.

(4) Remove pump mounting bolts and remove the pump (Fig. 4).

(5) Remove pulley from pump.

Fig. 3 Pump Mounting — 4.0L

INSTALLATION

(1) Install pulley on pump. (2) Mount pump on bracket and install bolts. Tighten bolts to 27 N·m (20 ft. lbs.).

(3) Install the pressure and return hoses to pump. (4) Vehicles equipped with Speed Pro Steering, connect actuator harness.

(5) Install drive belt, refer to Group 7 Cooling. (6) Add power steering fluid. Refer to Power Steering Pump Initial Operation in this section.

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY

PUMP PULLEY

DISASSEMBLY

(1) Remove pump assembly. (2) Remove pulley from pump with Puller C-4333 (Fig. 5).

ASSEMBLY

(1) Replace pulley if bent, cracked, or loose.

(2) Install pulley on pump with Installer C-4063-B (Fig. 6) flush with the end of the shaft. Ensure the tool and pulley remain aligned with the pump shaft.

(3) Install pump assembly. (4) With Serpentine Belt, run engine until warm (5 min.) and note any belt chirp. If chirp exists, move pulley outward approximately 0.5 mm (0.020 in.). If noise increases, press on 1.0 mm (0.040 in.). Be careful that pulley does not contact mounting bolts.

PUMP RESERVOIR

DISASSEMBLY

(1) Remove power steering pump. (2) Clean exterior of pump. (3) Clamp the pump body in a soft jaw vice. (4)

Pry up tab and slide the retaining clips off (Fig. 7).

(5) Remove fluid reservoir from pump body. Remove and discard O-ring seal.

ASSEMBLY

(1) Lubricate new O-ring Seal with Mopar Power Steering Fluid or equivalent.

(2) Install O-ring seal in housing. (3) Install reservoir onto housing. (4) Slide and tap in reservoir retainer clips until tab locks to housing.

(5) Install power steering pump. (6) Add power steering fluid, refer to Pump Initial Operation.

SPECIFICATIONS

TORQUE CHART

DESCRIPTION TORQUE Power Steering Pump

Bracket Bolts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 N·m (30 ft. lbs.) Pump Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 N·m (20 ft. lbs.) Flow Control Valve . . . . . . . . . .75 N·m (55 ft. lbs.) Pressure Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 N·m (21 ft. lbs.)

SPECIAL TOOLS

POWER STEERING PUMP

6893

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

POWER STEERING GEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING

POWER STEERING GEAR LEAKAGE

DIAGNOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

STEERING GEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY

HOUSING END PLUG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 PITMAN SHAFT/SEALS/BEARING . . . . . . . . . . . 11

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

POWER STEERING GEAR

The power steering gear is a recirculating ball type gear (Fig. 1). The gear acts as a rolling thread between the worm shaft and rack piston. The worm shaft is supported by a thrust bearing at the lower end and a bearing assembly at the upper end. When the worm shaft is turned the rack piston moves. The

POWER STEERING GEAR

INDEX

page page

RACK PISTON AND WORM SHAFT . . . . . . . . . . 15 SPOOL VALVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ADJUSTMENTS

STEERING GEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 SPECIFICATIONS

POWER STEERING GEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 TORQUE CHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 SPECIAL TOOLS

POWER STEERING GEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 rack piston teeth mesh with the pitman shaft. Turning the worm shaft turns the pitman shaft, which turns the steering linkage.

CAUTION: Components attached with a nut and cotter pin must be torqued to specification. Then if the slot in the nut does not line up with the cotter pin hole, tighten nut until it is aligned. Never loosen the nut to align the cotter pin hole.

Fig. 1 Recirculating Ball Type Gear

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING

POWER STEERING GEAR LEAKAGE DIAGNOSIS

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

STEERING GEAR

REMOVAL

(1) Place the front wheels in the straight ahead position with the steering wheel centered.

(2) Remove and cap the pressure and return hoses from the steering gear.

(3) Remove the column coupler shaft from the gear (Fig. 2).

(4) Remove pitman arm from gear with Puller C-4150A (Fig. 3).

(5)

Remove the steering gear retaining bolts and nuts. Remove the steering gear from the vehicle (Fig. 4).

INSTALLATION

(1) Position the steering gear on the frame rail and install the bolts. Tighten the bolts to 88 N·m (65 ft. lbs.) torque.

(2) Install the column coupler shaft. (3) Install the pitman arm and tighten nut to 251 N·m (185 ft. lbs.).

(4) Connect pressure and return hoses to steering gear and tighten to 28 N·m (21 ft. lbs.).

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY

HOUSING END PLUG

DISASSEMBLY

(1) Unseat and remove retaining ring from groove with a punch through the hole in the end of the housing (Fig. 5).

(2) Slowly rotate stub shaft with 12 point socket COUNTER-CLOCKWISE to force the end plug out from housing.

CAUTION: Do not turn stub shaft any further than necessary. The rack piston balls will drop out of the rack piston circuit if the stub shaft is turned too far.

(3) Remove O-ring from the housing (Fig. 6).

ASSEMBLY

(1) Lubricate O-ring with power steering fluid and install into the housing. (2) Install end plug by tapping the plug lightly with a plastic mallet into the housing.

(3) Install retaining ring so one end of the ring covers the housing access hole (Fig. 7).

PITMAN SHAFT/SEALS/BEARING

DISASSEMBLY

(1) Clean exposed end of pitman shaft and housing with a wire brush.

(2) Remove preload adjuster nut (Fig. 8). (3) Rotate the stub shaft with a 12 point socket from stop to stop and count the number of turns.

(4) Center the stub shaft by rotating it from the stop 1/2 of the total amount of turns.

(5) Remove side cover bolts and remove side cover, gasket and pitman shaft as an assembly (Fig. 8).

NOTE: The pitman shaft will not clear the housing if it is not centered.

(6) Remove pitman shaft from the side cover. (7) Remove dust seal from the housing with a seal pick (Fig. 9).

CAUTION: Use care not to score the housing bore when prying out seals and washer.

(8) Remove retaining ring with snap ring pliers. (9) Remove washer from the housing. (10) Remove oil seal from the housing with a seal pick.

(11) Remove pitman shaft bearing from housing with a bearing driver and handle (Fig. 10).

ASSEMBLY

(1) Install pitman shaft bearing into housing with a bearing driver and handle.

(2) Coat the oil seals and washer with grease. (3) Install the oil seal with a driver and handle. (4) Install backup washer.

(5) Install the retainer ring with snap ring pliers. (6) Install dust seal with a driver and handle. (7) Install pitman shaft to side cover by screwing shaft in until it fully seats to side cover.

(8) Install preload adjuster nut. Do not tighten nut until after Over-Center Rotation Torque adjustment has been made.

(9) Install gasket to side cover and bend tabs around edges of side cover (Fig. 8).

(10) Install pitman shaft assembly and side cover to housing.

(11) Install side cover bolts and tighten to 60 N·m (44 ft. lbs.).

(12) Adjust Over-Center Rotation Torque.

SPOOL VALVE

DISASSEMBLY

(1) Remove lock nut (Fig. 11). (2) Remove adjuster nut with Spanner Wrench C-4381.

(3) Remove thrust support assembly out of the housing (Fig. 12).

(4) Pull stub shaft and valve assembly from the housing (Fig. 13).

(5) Remove stub shaft from valve assembly by lightly tapping shaft on a block of wood to loosen shaft. Then disengage stub shaft pin from hole in spool valve and separate the valve assembly from stub shaft (Fig. 14).

(6) Remove spool valve from valve body by pulling and rotating the spool valve from the valve body (Fig. 15).

(7) Remove spool valve O-ring and valve body teflon rings and O-rings underneath the teflon rings (Fig. 16).

(8) Remove the O-ring between the worm shaft and the stub shaft.

ASSEMBLY

NOTE: Clean and dry all components, then lubricate with power steering fluid.

(1) Install spool valve spool O-ring.

(2) Install spool valve in valve body by pushing and rotating. Hole in spool valve for stub shaft pin must be accessible from opposite end of valve body.

(3) Install stub shaft in valve spool and engage locating pin on stub shaft into spool valve hole (Fig. 17).

NOTE: Notch in stub shaft cap must fully engage valve body pin and seat against valve body shoulder.

(4) Install O-rings and teflon rings over the O-rings on valve body.

(5) Install O-ring into the back of the stub shaft cap (Fig. 18).

(6)

Install stub shaft and valve assembly in the housing. Line up worm shaft to slots in the valve assembly.

(7) Install thrust support assembly.

NOTE: The thrust support is serviced as an assembly. If any component of the thrust support is damaged the assembly must be replaced.

(8) Install adjuster nut and lock nut. (9) Adjust Thrust Bearing Preload and Over-Center Rotating Torque.

RACK PISTON AND WORM SHAFT

DISASSEMBLY

(1) Remove housing end plug. (2) Remove rack piston plug (Fig. 19). (3) Remove side cover and pitman shaft.

(4) Turn stub shaft COUNTERCLOCKWISE until the rack piston begins to come out of the housing.

(5) Insert Arbor C-4175 into bore of rack piston (Fig. 20) and hold tool tightly against worm shaft.

(6)

Turn the stub shaft with a 12 point socket

COUNTERCLOCKWISE, this will force the rack piston onto the tool and hold the rack piston balls in place.

(7) Remove the rack piston and tool together from housing.

(8) Remove tool from rack piston. (9) Remove rack piston balls. (10) Remove clamp bolts, clamp and ball guide (Fig. 21).

(11) Remove teflon ring and O-ring from the rack piston (Fig. 22).

(12) Remove the adjuster lock nut and adjuster nut from the stub shaft.

(13) Pull the stub shaft with the spool valve and thrust support assembly out of the housing.

(14) Remove the worm shaft from the housing (Fig. 23).

ASSEMBLY

NOTE: Clean and dry all components and lubricate with power steering fluid.

(1) Check for scores, nicks or burrs on the rack piston finished surface. Slight wear is normal on the worm gear surfaces.

(2) Install O-ring and teflon ring on the rack piston.

(3) Install worm shaft in the rack piston and align worm shaft spiral groove with rack piston ball guide hole (Fig. 24).

CAUTION: The rack piston balls must be installed alternately into the rack piston and ball guide. This maintains worm shaft preload. There are 12 black balls and 12 silver (Chrome) balls. The black balls are smaller than the silver balls.

(4) Lubricate and install rack piston balls through return guide hole while turning worm shaft COUN- TERCLOCKWISE (Fig. 24).

(5) Install remaining balls in guide using grease to hold the balls in place (Fig. 25).

(6) Install the guide onto rack piston and install clamp and clamp bolts. Tighten bolts to 58 N·m (43 ft. lbs.).

(7) Insert Arbor C-4175 into bore of rack piston and hold tool tightly against worm shaft.

(8) Turn the worm shaft COUNTERCLOCKWISE while pushing on the arbor. This will force the rack piston onto the arbor and hold the rack piston balls in place. (9) Install the races and thrust bearing on the worm shaft and install shaft in the housing (Fig. 23).

(10) Install the stub shaft with spool valve, thrust support assembly and adjuster nut in the housing.

(11) Install the rack piston and arbor tool into the housing.

(12) Hold arbor tightly against worm shaft and turn stub shaft CLOCKWISE until rack piston is seated on worm shaft.

(13) Install pitman shaft and side cover in the housing.

(14) Install rack piston plug and tighten to 150 N·m (111 ft. lbs.).

(15) Install housing end plug.

(16) Adjust worm shaft thrust bearing preload and over-center rotating torque.

ADJUSTMENTS

STEERING GEAR

CAUTION: Steering gear must be adjusted in the proper order. If adjustments are not performed in order, gear damage and improper steering response may result.

NOTE: Adjusting the steering gear in the vehicle is not recommended. Remove gear from the vehicle and drain the fluid. Then mount gear in a vise to perform adjustments.

WORM THRUST BEARING PRELOAD

(1) Mount the gear carefully into a vise.

CAUTION: Do not overtighten the vise on the gear case. This may affect the adjustment

(2) Remove adjuster plug locknut (Fig. 26). (3) Rotate the stub shaft back and forth with a 12 point socket to drain the remaining fluid.

(4) Turn the adjuster in with Spanner Wrench C-4381. Tighten the plug and thrust bearing in the housing until firmly bottomed in the housing about 34 N·m (25 ft. lbs.).

(5) Place an index mark on the housing even with one of the holes in adjuster plug (Fig. 27).

(6) Measure back (counterclockwise) 10 mm (0.40 in) and mark housing (Fig. 28).

(7) Rotate adjustment cap back (counterclockwise) with spanner wrench until hole is aligned with the second mark (Fig. 29).

(8) Install and tighten locknut to 108 N·m (80 ft. lbs.). Be sure adjustment cap does not turn while tightening the locknut.

OVER-CENTER

NOTE: Before performing this procedure, the worm bearing preload adjustment must be performed.

(1) Rotate the stub shaft with a 12 point socket from stop to stop and count the number of turns.

(2) Starting at either stop, turn the stub shaft back 1/2 the total number of turns. This is the center of the gear travel (Fig. 30).

(3) Place the torque wrench in the vertical position on the stub shaft. Rotate the wrench 45 degrees each side of the center and record the highest rotational torque in this range (Fig. 31). This is the Over-Center Rotating Torque.

NOTE: The stub shaft must rotate smoothly without sticking or binding.

(4) Rotate the stud shaft between 90° and 180° to the left of center and record the left off-center preload. Repeat this to the right of center and record the right off-center preload. The average of these two recorded readings is the Preload Rotating Torque.

(5) The Over-Center Rotating Torque should be 0.45-0.9 N·m (4-8 in. lbs.) higher than the Preload Rotating Torque.

(6) If an adjustment to the Over-Center Rotating Torque is necessary, first loosen the adjuster lock nut. Then turn the pitman shaft adjuster screw back (COUNTERCLOCKWISE) until fully extended, then turn back in (CLOCKWISE) one full turn.

(7) Remeasure Over-Center Rotating Torque. If necessary turn the adjuster screw and repeat measurement until correct Over-Center Rotating Torque is reached.

NOTE: To increase the Over-Center Rotating Torque turn the screw CLOCKWISE.

(8) Prevent the adjuster screw from turning while tightening adjuster lock nut. Tighten the adjuster lock nut to 49 N·m (36 ft. lbs.).

SPECIFICATIONS

POWER STEERING GEAR

Steering Gear

Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Recirculating Ball Gear Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12.7:1 Worm Shaft Bearing

Preload . . . . . . . . . . . .0.45-1.13 N·m (4-10 in. lbs.) Pitman Shaft Overcenter Drag

New Gear (under 400 miles) . . . . . . .0.45-0.90 N·m

(4-8 in. lbs.) + Worm Shaft Preload Used Gear (over 400 miles). . . . . . . . . .0.5-0.6 N·m

(4-5 in. lbs.) + Worm Shaft Preload

TORQUE CHART

DESCRIPTION TORQUE Power Steering Gear

Adjustment Cap Locknut. . . . .108 N·m (80 ft. lbs.) Adjustment Screw Locknut . . . .49 N·m (36 ft. lbs.) Gear to Frame Bolts . . . . . . . . .88 N·m (65 ft. lbs.) Pitman Shaft Nut . . . . . . . . .251 N·m (185 ft. lbs.) Rack Piston Plug . . . . . . . . . .150 N·m (111 ft. lbs.) Side Cover Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . .60 N·m (44 ft. lbs.) Pressure Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 N·m (21 ft. lbs.) Return Line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 N·m (21 ft. lbs.) Return Guide Clamp Bolt . . . . .58 N·m (43 ft. lbs.)

SPECIAL TOOLS

POWER STEERING GEAR

GENERAL INFORMATION

STEERING COLUMN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING

IGNITION SWITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

GENERAL INFORMATION

STEERING COLUMN

The tilt column (Fig. 1) has been designed to be serviced as an assembly, less the wiring, switches, shrouds, steering wheel, etc. Most steering column components can be serviced without removing the steering column from the vehicle.

SERVICE PRECAUTIONS

Safety goggles should be worn at all times when working on steering columns.

To service the steering wheel, switches or airbag, refer to Group 8M and follow all WARNINGS and CAUTIONS.

WARNING: THE AIRBAG SYSTEM IS A SENSITIVE, COMPLEX ELECTRO-MECHANICAL UNIT. BEFORE

STEERING COLUMN

INDEX

page page

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

STEERING COLUMN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 SPECIFICATIONS

TORQUE CHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

ATTEMPTING TO DIAGNOSE, REMOVE OR INSTALL THE AIRBAG SYSTEM COMPONENTS YOU MUST FIRST DISCONNECT AND ISOLATE THE BATTERY NEGATIVE (GROUND) CABLE. THEN WAIT TWO MINUTES FOR THE SYSTEM CAPACITOR TO DIS- CHARGE. FAILURE TO DO SO COULD RESULT IN ACCIDENTAL DEPLOYMENT OF THE AIRBAG AND POSSIBLE PERSONAL INJURY. THE FASTENERS, SCREWS, AND BOLTS, ORIGINALLY USED FOR THE AIRBAG COMPONENTS, HAVE SPECIAL COAT- INGS AND ARE SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR THE AIRBAG SYSTEM. THEY MUST NEVER BE REPLACED WITH ANY SUBSTITUTES. ANYTIME A NEW FASTENER IS NEEDED, REPLACE WITH THE CORRECT FASTENERS PROVIDED IN THE SERVICE PACKAGE OR FASTENERS LISTED IN THE PARTS BOOKS.

CAUTION: Do not attempt to remove the pivot pins to disassemble the tilting mechanism. Do not remove ignition locking link, shaft lock plate or plate retainer. This will damage the column (Fig. 2) and (Fig. 3).

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING

IGNITION SWITCH

TEST AND REPAIR

If the ignition switch effort is excessive, remove the ignition switch from the steering column. Refer to Group 8D Ignition System. Using a key cylinder, check the turning effort of the switch. If the ignition switch binds look for the following conditions.

(1) Look for rough areas or flash in the casting and if found remove with a file (Fig. 4).

Non-Serviceable Components

(2) With the ignition switch removed, slide the slider in its slot in the sleeve and verify a loose fit over the length of the slot. If the slider binds in the slot at any point lightly file the slider or slot until clearance is achieved.

(3) If no binding is found, lightly file the ramp on the ignition switch, (The ramp fits into the casting) until binding no longer occurs.

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

STEERING COLUMN

WARNING: BEFORE SERVICING THE STEERING COLUMN THE AIRBAG SYSTEM MUST BE DIS- ARMED. FAILURE TO DO SO MAY RESULT IN ACCI- DENTAL DEPLOYMENT OF THE AIRBAG AND POSSIBLE PERSONAL INJURY. REFER TO GROUP 8M RESTRAINT SYSTEMS FOR SERVICE PROCE- DURES.

REMOVAL

(1) Position front wheels straight ahead. (2) Disconnect the negative (ground) cable from the battery.

(3) Remove the airbag, refer to Group 8M Restraint Systems for service procedures.

(4) Remove the steering wheel with an appropriate puller.

CAUTION: Ensure the puller bolts are fully engaged into the steering wheel and not into the clockspring, before attempting to remove the wheel. Failure to do so may damage the steering wheel.

(5) Remove column coupler upper pinch bolt (Fig. 5).

(6) Remove the knee blocker, refer to Group 8E Instrument Panel Systems.

(7) Remove tilt lever from column.

(8) Remove the upper and lower lock housing shrouds.

(9) Loosen the column mounting nut/washer assemblies to allow the column to drop.

(10) Remove the Interlock cable from the steering column. Refer to Group 21 Transmission and Transfer Case.

(11) Remove multi-function switch connector screw and remove connector.

(12) Remove the wiring harness from the remaining switches and the steering column (Fig. 6). (13) Remove the ignition switch. (14) Remove the clock spring, and switches refer to Group 8 Electrical for service procedures.

(15) Remove the toe plate to dash panel nuts.

(16) Remove the mounting nut/washer assemblies and remove the column.

INSTALLATION

(1) With the front wheels in the straight ahead position. Align and install the column to coupler. Do not apply force at the top of the steering column shaft.

(2) Remove the column shaft shipping lock pin (installed in service column).

(3) Ensure the ground clip is on spacer slot. (4) Install the Interlock cable from the steering column. Refer to Group 21 Transmission and Transfer Case.

(5) Install wiring harness connections to steering column. Ensure the wiring is not pinched and all connections are correctly locked in place.

(6) Install the clock spring, and switches refer to Group 8 Electrical for service procedures.

(7) Install the harness connector to the switches. (8) Install the ignition switch. (9) Install shaft coupler pinch bolt loose, load column up to panel bracket.

(10) Be sure both spacers are fully seated in the column support bracket. Tighten the column mounting nut/washer assemblies to 12 N·m (105 in. lbs.).

(11) Tighten the toe plate attaching nuts to 12 N·m (105 in. lbs.).

(12) Tighten the coupler pinch bolt to 49 N·m (36 ft. lbs.).

(13) Install the heater cross over tube under the column.

(14) Install the upper and lower shrouds and tilt lever.

(15) Install the knee blocker, refer to Group 8E Instrument Panel Systems

(16) Install the steering wheel and airbag, refer to Group 8M Passive Restraint Systems for procedures.

(17) Connect the battery ground (negative) cable.

SPECIFICATIONS

TORQUE CHART

DESCRIPTION TORQUE Steering Column

Steering Wheel Nut. . . . . . . . . .61 N·m (45 ft. lbs.) Column Bracket Nuts . . . . . . .12 N·m (105 in. lbs.) Shaft Coupler Bolts . . . . . . . . . .49 N·m (36 ft. lbs.) Toe Plate Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . .12 N·m (105 in. lbs.)

GENERAL INFORMATION

STEERING LINKAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 SERVICE PROCEDURES

STEERING LINKAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

DRAG LINK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 PITMAN ARM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

GENERAL INFORMATION

STEERING LINKAGE

The steering linkage consists of a pitman arm, drag link, tie rod, and steering dampener (Fig. 1) and (Fig. 2). Adjustment sleeves are used on the tie rod and drag link for toe and steering wheel alignment.

CAUTION: Components attached with a nut and cotter pin must be torqued to specification. Then if the slot in the nut does not line up with the cotter pin hole, tighten nut until it is aligned. Never loosen the nut to align the cotter pin hole.

NOTE: Periodic lubrication of the steering system components is required. Refer to Group 0, Lubrication And Maintenance for the recommended maintenance schedule. SERVICE PROCEDURES

STEERING LINKAGE

INDEX

page page

STEERING DAMPENER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 TIE ROD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 SPECIFICATIONS

TORQUE CHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 SPECIAL TOOLS

STEERING LINKAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

STEERING LINKAGE

The tie rod end and ball stud seals should be inspected during all oil changes. If a seal is damaged, it should be replaced. Before installing a new seal, inspect ball stud at the throat opening. Check for lubricant loss, contamination, ball stud wear or corrosion. If these conditions exist, replace the tie rod. A replacement seal can be installed if lubricant is in good condition. Otherwise, a complete replacement ball stud end should be installed.

CAUTION: If any steering components are replaced or serviced an alignment must be performed, to ensure the vehicle meets all alignment specifications.

CAUTION: Components attached with a nut and cotter pin must be torqued to specification. Then if the slot in the nut does not line up with the cotter pin hole, tighten nut until it is aligned. Never loosen the nut to align the cotter pin hole.

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

TIE ROD

REMOVAL

(1) Remove the cotter pins and nuts at the steering knuckle and drag link (Fig. 1) and (Fig. 2). (2) Loosen the ball studs with a puller tool to remove the tie rod.

(3) If necessary, loosen the end clamp bolts and remove the tie rod ends from the tube.

INSTALLATION

(1) If necessary, install the tie rod ends in the tube. Position the tie rod clamp (Fig. 3) and tighten to:

• Drag Link: 49 N·m (36 ft. lbs.) • Tie Rod-6 Cyl. Engine: 27 N·m (20 ft. lbs.) • Tie Rod-8 Cyl. Engine: 49 N·m (36 ft. lbs.) (2) Install the tie rod on the drag link and steering knuckle. Install the retaining nuts.

(3) Tighten the ball stud nut on the steering knuckle to 47 N·m (35 ft. lbs.). Tighten the ball stud nut to drag link to 75 N·m (55 ft. lbs.) torque. Install new cotter pins and bend end 60°.

PITMAN ARM

REMOVAL

(1) Remove the cotter pin and nut from the drag link at the pitman arm.

(2) Remove the drag link ball stud from the pitman arm with a puller.

(3) Remove the nut and washer from the steering gear shaft. Mark the pitman shaft and pitman arm for installation reference. Remove the pitman arm from steering gear with Puller C-4150A (Fig. 4).

INSTALLATION

(1) Align and install the pitman arm on steering gear shaft.

(2) Install the washer and nut on the shaft and tighten the nut to 251 N·m (185 ft. lbs.).

(3) Install drag link ball stud to pitman arm. Install nut and tighten to 81 N·m (60 ft. lbs.). Install a new cotter pin.

DRAG LINK

REMOVAL

(1) Remove the cotter pins and nuts at the steering knuckle and drag link (Fig. 1). (2) Remove the steering dampener ball stud from the drag link with a puller tool.

(3) Remove the drag link from the steering knuckle with a puller tool. Remove the same for tie rod and pitman arm.

(4) If necessary, loosen the end clamp bolts and remove the tie rod end from the link.

INSTALLATION

(1) Install the drag link adjustment sleeve and tie rod end. Position clamp bolts (Fig. 3).

(2) Position the drag link at the steering linkage. Install the drag link to the steering knuckle nut. Do the same for the tie rod and pitman arm.

(3) Tighten the nut at the steering knuckle to 47 N·m (35 ft. lbs.). Tighten the pitman nut to 81 N·m (60 ft. lbs.) and tie rod ball stud nut to 47 N·m (35 ft. lbs.). Install new cotter pins and bend end 60°.

(4) Install the steering dampener onto the drag link and tighten the nut to 74 N·m (55 ft. lbs.). Install a new cotter pin and bend end 60°.

STEERING DAMPENER

REMOVAL

(1) Place the front wheels in a straight ahead position.

(2) Remove the steering dampener retaining nut and bolt from the axle bracket (Fig. 1).

(3) Remove the cotter pin and nut from the ball stud at the drag link.

(4) Remove the steering dampener ball stud from the drag link using C-3894-A puller.

INSTALLATION

(1) Install the steering dampener to the axle bracket and drag link.

(2) Install the steering dampener bolt in the axle bracket and tighten nut to 74 N·m (55 ft. lbs.).

(3) Install the ball stud nut at the drag link and tighten nut to 74 N·m (55 ft. lbs.). Install a new cotter pin.

SPECIFICATIONS

TORQUE CHART

DESCRIPTION TORQUE Pitman Arm

Shaft Nut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 N·m (185 ft. lbs.) Drag Link

Pitman Arm Nut . . . . . . . . . . . .81 N·m (60 ft. lbs.) Knuckle Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 N·m (35 ft. lbs.) Clamp Bolts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 N·m (36 ft. lbs.) Tie Rod Ends

4.0L Clamp Bolts. . . . . . . . . . . .27 N·m (20 ft. lbs.) 5.2L Clamp Bolts. . . . . . . . . . . .49 N·m (36 ft. lbs.) Tie Rod

Knuckle Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 N·m (35 ft. lbs.) Drag Link Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 N·m (55 ft. lbs.) Steering Damper

Frame Bolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 N·m (55 ft. lbs.) Drag Link Nut. . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 N·m (55 ft. lbs.)

SPECIAL TOOLS

STEERING LINKAGE

(9) Remove left motor mount frame bracket (Fig. 2). Refer to Group 9, Engine, for procedure.

NOTE: Some engine mounts are welded to the frame bracket, and cannot be separated from the bracket. In this case, it may be necessary to remove the steering shaft on LHD vehicles to be able to remove the bracket.

(10) Remove bolts (2) securing the power steering pump to the power steering bracket.

(11) Disconnect power steering pump supply hose at the pump and drain fluid.

(12) Disconnect power steering pressure hose at the steering gear assembly.

(13) Remove power steering pump.

INSTALLATION

(1) Install pump on engine. (2) Tighten pump bracket bolts to 47 N·m (35 ft. lbs.).

(3) Reverse the above procedures in steps 12 through 1 to complete installation.

(4) Add power steering fluid and perform Power Steering Pump Initial Operation.

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

POWER STEERING GEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 SPEED PROPORTIONAL STEERING

CONTROL MODULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 SPEED PROPORTIONAL STEERING

SOLENOID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 SPEED PROPORTIONAL STEERING . . . . . . . . . 3 STEERING WHEEL SPEED SENSOR . . . . . . . . 4

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

SPEED PROPORTIONAL STEERING

Speed Proportional Steering consist of; • Speed Proportional Steering Control Module (SPSCM)

• Steering Wheel Speed Sensor (SWSS) • Speed Proportional Steering Solenoid (SPSS) • Speed Proportional Steering Gear (SPSG) Speed Proportional Steering provides variable power assist based on inputs from the Vehicle Speed Sensor and Steering Wheel Speed Sensor. The sensors are monitored by the Speed Proportional Steering Control Module. The module controls the operation of the Speed Proportional Steering Solenoid which regulated power steering pump flow rate.

When parking or at low speeds, full power assist is provided. As the vehicle speed increases pump flow is reduced. This reduces the power assist, providing the driver with a better steering feel for the road and improved directional stability. The SWSS continually monitors steering wheel assist. When a quick steering maneuver is made while the system is operating at reduced power assist, full assist is provided for the maneuver instantly.

SPEED PROPORTIONAL STEERING CONTROL MODULE

The control module is mounted to a bracket on the passenger side of the front cowl panel just left of the

SPEED PROPORTIONAL STEERING

INDEX

page page

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING

SPEED PROPORTIONAL STEERING . . . . . . . . . 4 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

SPEED PROPORTIONAL STEERING

CONTROL MODULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 STEERING WHEEL SPEED SENSOR . . . . . . . . 4 steering column (Fig. 1). A 14-way connector is attached to the module. The module monitors steering wheel speed and vehicle speed to determine the amount of power steering assist needed. The module controls power steering assist by sending a 12-volt duty-cycle signal (pulsed on and off) to the Speed Proportional Steering Solenoid.

STEERING WHEEL SPEED SENSOR

The Steering Wheel Speed Sensor is mounted on the steering column shaft below the clock spring (Fig. 2). The sensor is used to monitor steering wheel assist.

SPEED PROPORTIONAL STEERING SOLENOID

The solenoid is mounted to the power steering pump outlet port (Fig. 3). The solenoid controls pump output volume by moving a metering rod in and out of a fixed orifice. The SPSCM energizes and de-energizes the solenoid to move the metering rod up to 250 times per second. By varying the time energized versus de-energize steering pump output volume and steering assist is controlled.

POWER STEERING GEAR

The steering gear used with Speed Proportional Steering has a special spool valve. The valve provides improved response at lower flow rates. The gear is a serviceable component.

CAUTION: A Speed Proportional Steering gear should not be interchanged with any other steering gear.

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING

SPEED PROPORTIONAL STEERING

For diagnosis and testing procedures refer to the Chassis Diagnostic Manual.

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

STEERING WHEEL SPEED SENSOR

REMOVAL

(1) Disconnect the negative (ground) cable from the battery.

(2) Remove airbag, refer to Group 8M Electrical for procedure.

(3) Remove steering wheel with appropriate puller. (4) Remove clock spring, refer to Group 8M Electrical for procedure.

(5) Pry sensor retaining ring tabs up and remove sensor (Fig. 4).

INSTALLATION

CAUTION: Never install a used sensor. Once the sensor has been removed it must be replace with a new sensor.

(1) Install new sensor on column shaft with a piece of thin wall conduit 3 inch long by 3/4 inch ID. Move turn signal canceller off to one side and insure locating tab is in the proper position and push the sensor down on the shaft.

CAUTION: The pipe installer must only touch the inner metal ring of the sensor and not the plastic housing or the sensor will be damaged.

(2) Install clock spring, refer to Group 8M Electrical for procedure.

(3) Install steering wheel. (4) Install airbag, refer to Group 8M Electrical for procedure.

(5) Connect negative (ground) cable to the battery.

SPEED PROPORTIONAL STEERING CONTROL MODULE

REMOVAL

(1) Unplug harness from control module, located left of steering column on front cowl panel.

(2) Slid the module off mounting bracket (Fig. 5).

INSTALLATION

(1) Slid module onto mounting bracket. (2) Plug harness into module.